Portuguese- Matthew Centner

 Portuguese

Matthew Centner

Basic information

•208,525,450 speakers

•13 countries: Portugal Brazil, and Mozambique

•Romantic language – Derived of Vulgar, or slang Latin

History

•Occupations

•Roman – 400AD

•Germanic - 400-800AD

•Moorish (Arabic speakers) – 711AD

•Galatian Portuguese -1100AD

•Northern Christian Romantic Language speakers (French) – 1200AD

•Globalization

•1400-1600AD

•Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Angola, Mozambique, Macau, India, Brazil

Dialects

•Portugal

•Northern Portuguese, Central Portuguese, Southern Portuguese

•Northern- Galatian Portuguese

•Central- Spoken in Central Portugal

•Southern- Lisbon, Standard dialect

•Brazil

•Insular Portuguese Northeastern, Northern, Central, Rio, Southern, and Sao Paulo

•Others

•Angolan- Angola

Macanese- Macau

Phonology and Grammar

•The Portuguese language consists of 9 simple vowels, 5 nasalized vowels, 2 semivowels, 25 simple diphthongs, 4 nasalized diphthongs, 5 simple triphthongs, 4 nasalized triphthongs, 21 consonants.

•Future subjunctive and future perfect subjunctive

 partir ‘to depart’ may be conjugated partir|eu ‘for me to depart’ or ‘that I may depart’

Portuguese Slave trade

•The Portuguese were the first Europeans to become involved in the Atlantic slave trade

•Didn’t depend on anything, religion geography or even political loyalties

•Enslaved everyone

•Turks – those of the Ottoman empire in today’s Turkey

•Moors – North African Islamic people

•Berbers – pre-arab inhabitants of north Africa

•Moriscos – individuals who converted to Christianity from Islam, often by force

Expanding south

•Caravel- Ship that enabled longer distance travel

•1430- Past Morocco

•1445- A trading post was established on the small island of Arguim off the coast of present-day Mauritania

•1482- The town of Elmina in present-day Ghana

•1490- Colonization of São Tomé

•These locations didn’t just trade slaves,  African gold, silk, ivory and other goods also.

Abolishing the Slave trade 

in India 1842-60

Estado de India

•Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1842

•Anglo-Portuguese Anti-Slavery Treaty of 1818 and the Portuguese Royal Edict of 1836

•Pressure by the British

•Caused stress and resentment

•This stress lead Portuguese government to falsify information

•People hid their slaves

•Officially abolished in 1843

References

•Ager, S. (2017). Portuguese (Português). Retrieved from http://www.omniglot.com/writing/portuguese.htm

•Fenning, C. & Simons, G. (eds.). 2016. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Nineteenth edition. Dallas, Texas; SIL International. Online version:   https://www.ethnologue.com/language/por

•Goodin-Mayeda, E. (2016). Nasals and nasalization in Spanish and Portuguese: Perception, phonetics and phonology (Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone linguistics (IHLL), volume 9;   Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone linguistics, v. 9). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.

•Langer, W. & Sterns, P. (2008). Encyclopedia of World History. (Vol. 2). New York City: Infobase Publishing.

•Langer, W. & Sterns, P. (2008). Encyclopedia of World History. (Vol. 3). New York City: Infobase Publishing.

•Newson, L. A. (2013). The slave-trading accounts of manoel batista peres, 1613-1619: Double-entry bookkeeping in cloth money. Accounting History, 18(3), 343-365.  doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1032373213485933

•Posner, R. & Sala, M. (2015). Portuguese Language. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Portuguese-language

•Timothy Walker Assistant Professor (2004) Abolishing the slave trade in Portuguese India: documentary evidence of popular and official resistance to crown   policy, 1842–60, Slavery & Abolition, 25:2, 63-79

•Wise, C., & Wheat, D. (2016). African Laborers for a New Empire: Iberia, Slavery, and the Atlantic World. Retrieved April 27, 2017, from   http://ldhi.library.cofc.edu/exhibits/show/african_laborers_for_a_new_emp